Windows 2008 上run Dynamips 問題!!

為了大魔王，前天去光華敗了台好一點的PC，準備用Dynamips來模擬R&S的環境，但裝了Windows 2008時，發現Dynamips居然卡住不能run，後來爬了一下萬能的Google，只要把cygwin1.dll的檔案改掉就好，步驟如下:

1. 關閉已開啟的Dynamips Server Service。
2. 下載cygwin1.dll檔案。
3. 備份原本的cygwin1.dll檔案。
4. 將下載的cygwin1.dll檔案copy到C:\Program Files\Dynamips，並選擇取代。

再開Dynamips Server試看看!! 成功~~~~

EIGRP redistribute LAB

在企業中常會遇到一些特殊的架構或需求，所以在這個LAB加入了我在工作上遇到的一些問題，順便一起放進這個LAB中，有興趣的人可以參考看看!!!

Basic Config :

LAB Topology :

LAB Topic :

1. R1 static route 172.31.2.0/24 to R2 for Loopback IP 。
2. R2 default route 0.0.0.0/0 to R1 。
3. R3 有一筆host route to R1 (ip route 172.31.2.1 255.255.255.255 10.3.1.1)
4. 將RIPv2 redistribute進EIGRP 1。
5. 將EIGRP 2 redistribute進EIGRP 1。
6. 將R6 Loopback IP 做summary到R5。
7. All Loopback IP 需都可互ping通。
8. 在R3上將static route redistribute 進EIGRP中。
9. R1~R4要往R5、R6時，先走R3上的Serial0/0。
10. R5、R6要往R1~R4時，先走Serial0/0。
11. R6 to R2建立Tunnel，(網段為172.32.1.0/30)。

===================================
以下為.net檔案的設定，IOS用c2691-advipservicesk9-mz.124-19.bin

###########################
# Define Router Default Instances
###########################
autostart=false
ghostios = true
model = 2691
[localhost]

[[2691]]
 image = C:\lab\IOS\c2691-advipservicesk9-mz.124-19.bin
 ram=128
 nvram = 64
 mmap = false
 disk0 = 16
 idlepc = 0x60a2ca20
###########################
# Define LAB Router Instances
###########################

 [[Router R1]]
  f0/1= R3 f0/1
  f0/0= R2 f0/0
  cnfg = .\R1.cfg
 
 [[Router R2]]
#  f0/0= R1 f0/0
  cnfg = .\R2.cfg
 
 [[Router R3]]
  f0/0= R5 f0/0
  s0/0= R5 s0/0
  s0/1= R4 s0/1
  cnfg = .\R3.cfg

 [[Router R4]]
#  s0/1= R4 s0/1
  cnfg = .\R4.cfg
 
 [[Router R5]]
#  f0/0= R3 f0/0
  f0/1= R6 f0/1
#  s0/0= R3 s0/0
  cnfg = .\R5.cfg

 [[Router R6]]
#  f0/1= R5 f0/1
  cnfg = .\R6.cfg

# [[Router Agent1]]
#  cnfg = .\Agent1.txt
# [[Router Agent2]]
#  cnfg = .\Agent2.txt
# [[ethsw S1]]
# 1 = access 1
# 2 = access 1
# 3 = access 2
# 4 = access 2
# 3 = dot1q 1
# Note, replace the interface below with a valid interface
# on your system or Dynamips will crash!
#  5 = dot1q 1 NIO_gen_eth:\Device\NPF_{8117E346-E938-4A6C-85DD-C14861DF7B8F} 

# END OF CONFIGURATION FILE.
=========================================
R1的config :(不重要的config省略)
!
hostname R1
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 172.31.1.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.3.1.1 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
router eigrp 1
 network 10.3.0.0 0.0.0.3
 network 10.3.1.0 0.0.0.3
 network 172.31.1.1 0.0.0.0
 no auto-summary
!
ip forward-protocol nd
ip route 172.31.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.3.0.2
=========================================
R2的config :(不重要的config省略)
!
hostname R2
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 172.31.2.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface Tunnel0
 bandwidth 2048
 ip address 172.32.1.1 255.255.255.252
 ip mtu 1476
 delay 500
 keepalive 10 2
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel destination 172.31.64.1
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.3.0.2 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
router eigrp 1
 network 172.31.1.1 0.0.0.0
 auto-summary
!
ip forward-protocol nd
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.3.0.1

=========================================
R3的config :(不重要的config省略)
!
hostname R3
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 172.31.3.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.3.3.1 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0
 ip address 10.3.4.1 255.255.255.252
 fair-queue
 clock rate 2000000
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.3.1.2 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
 clock rate 2000000
!
router eigrp 1
 redistribute static route-map re-static     #將static route redistribue進EIGRP中
redistribute rip metric 100000 10 255 255 1500
 offset-list 10 out 2000000 FastEthernet0/0
 offset-list 10 out 10000 Serial0/0
 network 10.3.1.0 0.0.0.3
 network 10.3.3.0 0.0.0.3
 network 10.3.4.0 0.0.0.3
 network 172.31.3.1 0.0.0.0
 distribute-list prefix filter out FastEthernet0/1   #為了避免route loop,所以要將往R2的IP filter掉
 no auto-summary
!
router rip
 version 2
 redistribute static route-map re-static
 redistribute eigrp 1 metric 0
 network 192.168.1.0
 default-metric 10
 no auto-summary
!
ip forward-protocol nd
ip route 172.31.2.1 255.255.255.255 10.3.1.1
!
ip prefix-list allow-static-route seq 5 permit 172.31.2.1/32
!
ip prefix-list filter seq 5 deny 172.31.2.1/32
ip prefix-list filter seq 10 permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
access-list 10 permit 192.168.2.1
access-list 10 permit 172.31.2.1
access-list 10 permit 172.31.3.1
access-list 10 permit 172.31.1.1
access-list 10 permit 10.3.0.0 0.0.0.3
access-list 10 permit 10.3.1.0 0.0.0.3
access-list 10 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3
!
route-map re-static permit 10
 match ip address prefix-list allow-static-route
=========================================
R4的config :(不重要的config省略)
!
hostname R4
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 no fair-queue
 clock rate 2000000
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial0/1
 ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.252
 clock rate 2000000
!
router rip
 version 2
 network 192.168.1.0
 network 192.168.2.0
 default-metric 10
 no auto-summary
=========================================
R5的config :(不重要的config省略)
!
hostname R5
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 172.31.5.1 255.255.255.255
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 ip address 10.3.3.2 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial0/0
 ip address 10.3.4.2 255.255.255.252
 fair-queue
 clock rate 2000000
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.3.5.1 255.255.255.252
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface Serial0/1
 no ip address
 shutdown
 clock rate 2000000
!
router eigrp 1
 redistribute eigrp 2 metric 100000 10 255 255 1500
 offset-list 10 out 2000000 FastEthernet0/0
 offset-list 10 out 10000 Serial0/0
 network 10.3.3.0 0.0.0.3
 network 10.3.4.0 0.0.0.3
 network 172.31.5.1 0.0.0.0
 no auto-summary
!
router eigrp 2
 redistribute eigrp 1 metric 100000 10 255 255 1500
 network 10.3.5.0 0.0.0.3
 no auto-summary
!
access-list 10 permit 172.31.5.1
access-list 10 permit 172.31.64.0 0.0.0.7
access-list 10 permit 10.3.5.0 0.0.0.3
=========================================
R6的config :(不重要的config省略)
!
hostname R6
!
interface Loopback0
 ip address 172.31.64.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback1
 ip address 172.31.65.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback2
 ip address 172.31.66.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback3
 ip address 172.31.67.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback4
 ip address 172.31.68.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Loopback5
 ip address 172.31.69.1 255.255.255.0
!
interface Tunnel0
 bandwidth 2048
 ip address 172.32.1.2 255.255.255.252
 ip mtu 1476
 delay 500
 keepalive 10 2
 tunnel source Loopback0
 tunnel destination 172.31.2.1
!
interface FastEthernet0/0
 no ip address
 shutdown
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
interface FastEthernet0/1
 ip address 10.3.5.2 255.255.255.252
 ip summary-address eigrp 2 172.31.64.0 255.255.248.0 5
 duplex auto
 speed auto
!
router eigrp 2
 network 10.3.5.0 0.0.0.3
 network 172.31.64.1 0.0.0.0
 network 172.31.65.1 0.0.0.0
 network 172.31.66.1 0.0.0.0
 network 172.31.67.1 0.0.0.0
 network 172.31.68.1 0.0.0.0
 network 172.31.69.1 0.0.0.0
 no auto-summary

CCIE R&S 必讀的book ~~

下面是我在網路上收集到的一些資料 , 當然還是建議一定要看英文 , 醬才比較習慣 , 但不禁還是要問自已....我是在考英文還是在考網路啊...... >"<

CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Certification Guide, Rough Cuts, 4th Edition
R&S 4.0 的 Exam Certification Guide 4.0版 , 2009年6月3號才release的

Routing TCP/IP Volume I (CCIE Professional Development)
Routing TCP/IP, Volume II (CCIE Professional Development)
我想這兩本就不用多說了 , CCIE R&S 必拜讀的聖經

Internet Routing Architectures, 2nd Edition
這本是我在Cisco Learning Network上看到 , 有人推薦考R&S Written時要看的

Cisco IOS Software Releases 12.4 T Configuration Guides
做LAB做到卡關的時候 , 可以參考看看囉 !!

CCIE R&S Lab Exam Topics v4.0 (Blueprint)

跟Written一樣多....昏倒 >"<

1.00	Implement Layer 2 Technologies	√
1.10	Implement Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
	(a) 802.1d
	(b) 802.1w
	(c) 801.1s
	(d) Loop guard
	(e) Root guard
	(f) Bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) guard
	(g) Storm control
	(h) Unicast flooding
	(i) Port roles, failure propagation, and loop guard operation
1.20	Implement VLAN and VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
1.30	Implement trunk and trunk protocols, EtherChannel, and load-balance
1.40	Implement Ethernet technologies
	(a) Speed and duplex
	(b) Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet
	(c) PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
1.50	Implement Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN), Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN), and flow control
1.60	Implement Frame Relay
	(a) Local Management Interface (LMI)
	(b) Traffic shaping
	(c) Full mesh
	(d) Hub and spoke
	(e) Discard eligible (DE)
1.70	Implement High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and PPP
2.00	Implement IPv4
2.10	Implement IP version 4 (IPv4) addressing, subnetting, and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)
2.20	Implement IPv4 tunneling and Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
2.30	Implement IPv4 RIP version 2 (RIPv2)
2.40	Implement IPv4 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
	(a) Standard OSPF areas
	(b) Stub area
	(c) Totally stubby area
	(d) Not-so-stubby-area (NSSA)
	(e) Totally NSSA
	(f) Link-state advertisement (LSA) types
	(g) Adjacency on a point-to-point and on a multi-access network
	(h) OSPF graceful restart
2.50	Implement IPv4 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
	(a) Best path
	(b) Loop-free paths
	(c) EIGRP operations when alternate loop-free paths are available, and when they are not available
	(d) EIGRP queries
	(e) Manual summarization and autosummarization
	(f) EIGRP stubs
2.60	Implement IPv4 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
	(a) Next hop
	(b) Peering
	(c) Internal Border Gateway Protocol (IBGP) and External Border Gateway Protocol (EBGP)
2.70	Implement policy routing
2.80	Implement Performance Routing (PfR) and Cisco Optimized Edge Routing (OER)
2.90	Implement filtering, route redistribution, summarization, synchronization, attributes, and other advanced features
3.00	Implement IPv6
3.10	Implement IP version 6 (IPv6) addressing and different addressing types
3.20	Implement IPv6 neighbor discovery
3.30	Implement basic IPv6 functionality protocols
3.40	Implement tunneling techniques
3.50	Implement OSPF version 3 (OSPFv3)
3.60	Implement EIGRP version 6 (EIGRPv6)
3.70	Implement filtering and route redistribution
4.00	Implement MPLS Layer 3 VPNs
4.10	Implement Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
4.20	Implement Layer 3 virtual private networks (VPNs) on provider edge (PE), provider (P), and customer edge (CE) routers
4.30	Implement virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) and Multi-VRF Customer Edge (VRF-Lite)
5.00	Implement IP Multicast
5.10	Implement Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) sparse mode
5.20	Implement Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
5.30	Implement interdomain multicast routing
5.40	Implement PIM Auto-Rendezvous Point (Auto-RP), unicast rendezvous point (RP), and bootstrap router (BSR)
5.50	Implement multicast tools, features, and source-specific multicast
5.60	Implement IPv6 multicast, PIM, and related multicast protocols, such as Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
6.00	Implement Network Security
6.01	Implement access lists
6.02	Implement Zone Based Firewall
6.03	Implement Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF)
6.04	Implement IP Source Guard
6.05	Implement authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) (configuring the AAA server is not required, only the client-side (IOS) is configured)
6.06	Implement Control Plane Policing (CoPP)
6.07	Implement Cisco IOS Firewall
6.08	Implement Cisco IOS Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
6.09	Implement Secure Shell (SSH)
6.10	Implement 802.1x
6.11	Implement NAT
6.12	Implement routing protocol authentication
6.13	Implement device access control
6.14	Implement security features
7.00	Implement Network Services
7.10	Implement Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
7.20	Implement Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
7.30	Implement Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
7.40	Implement Network Time Protocol (NTP)
7.50	Implement DHCP
7.60	Implement Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP)
8.00	Implement Quality of Service (QoS)
8.10	Implement Modular QoS CLI (MQC)
	(a) Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR)
	(b) Class-based weighted fair queuing (CBWFQ), modified deficit round robin (MDRR), and low latency queuing (LLQ)
	(c) Classification
	(d) Policing
	(e) Shaping
	(f) Marking
	(g) Weighted random early detection (WRED) and random early detection (RED)
	(h) Compression
8.20	Implement Layer 2 QoS: weighted round robin (WRR), shaped round robin (SRR), and policies
8.30	Implement link fragmentation and interleaving (LFI) for Frame Relay
8.40	Implement generic traffic shaping
8.50	Implement Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
8.60	Implement Cisco AutoQoS
9.00	Troubleshoot a Network
9.10	Troubleshoot complex Layer 2 network issues
9.20	Troubleshoot complex Layer 3 network issues
9.30	Troubleshoot a network in response to application problems
9.40	Troubleshoot network services
9.50	Troubleshoot network security
10.00	Optimize the Network
10.01	Implement syslog and local logging
10.02	Implement IP Service Level Agreement SLA
10.03	Implement NetFlow
10.04	Implement SPAN, RSPAN, and router IP traffic export (RITE)
10.05	Implement Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
10.06	Implement Cisco IOS Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
10.07	Implement Remote Monitoring (RMON)
10.08	Implement FTP
10.09	Implement TFTP
10.10	Implement TFTP server on router
10.11	Implement Secure Copy Protocol (SCP)
10.12	Implement HTTP and HTTPS
10.13	Implement Telnet

CCIE R&S Written Exam Topics v4.0 (Blueprint)

CCIE R&S 筆試的Topic, 我的天啊....那麼多......

1.00	Implement Layer 2 Technologies	√
1.10	Implement Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)
	(a) 802.1d
	(b) 802.1w
	(c) 801.1s
	(d) Loop guard
	(e) Root guard
	(f) Bridge protocol data unit (BPDU) guard
	(g) Storm control
	(h) Unicast flooding
	(i) Port roles, failure propagation, and loop guard operation
1.20	Implement VLAN and VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)
1.30	Implement trunk and trunk protocols, EtherChannel, and load-balance
1.40	Implement Ethernet technologies
	(a) Speed and duplex
	(b) Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet
	(c) PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE)
1.50	Implement Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN), Remote Switched Port Analyzer (RSPAN), and flow control
1.60	Implement Frame Relay
	(a) Local Management Interface (LMI)
	(b) Traffic shaping
	(c) Full mesh
	(d) Hub and spoke
	(e) Discard eligible (DE)
1.70	Implement High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) and PPP

2.00	Implement IPv4
2.10	Implement IP version 4 (IPv4) addressing, subnetting, and variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)
2.20	Implement IPv4 tunneling and Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE)
2.30	Implement IPv4 RIP version 2 (RIPv2)
2.40	Implement IPv4 Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
	(a) Standard OSPF areas
	(b) Stub area
	(c) Totally stubby area
	(d) Not-so-stubby-area (NSSA)
	(e) Totally NSSA
	(f) Link-state advertisement (LSA) types
	(g) Adjacency on a point-to-point and on a multi-access network
	(h) OSPF graceful restart
2.50	Implement IPv4 Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP)
	(a) Best path
	(b) Loop-free paths
	(c) EIGRP operations when alternate loop-free paths are available, and when they are not available
	(d) EIGRP queries
	(e) Manual summarization and autosummarization
	(f) EIGRP stubs
2.60	Implement IPv4 Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
	(a) Next hop
	(b) Peering
	(c) Internal BorderGateway Protocol (IBGP) and External Border Gateway Protocol (EBGP)
2.70	Implement policy routing
2.80	Implement Performance Routing (PfR) and Cisco Optimized Edge Routing (OER)
2.90	Implement filtering, route redistribution, summarization, synchronization, attributes, and other advanced features
3.00	Implement IPv6
3.10	Implement IP version 6 (IPv6) addressing and different addressing types
3.20	Implement IPv6 neighbor discovery
3.30	Implement basic IPv6 functionality protocols
3.40	Implement tunneling techniques
3.50	Implement OSPF version 3 (OSPFv3)
3.60	Implement EIGRP version 6 (EIGRPv6)
3.70	Implement filtering and route redistribution
4.00	Implement MPLS Layer 3 VPNs
4.10	Implement Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
4.20	Implement Layer 3 virtual private networks (VPNs) on provider edge (PE), provider (P), and customer edge (CE) routers
4.30	Implement virtual routing and forwarding (VRF) and Multi-VRF Customer Edge (VRF-Lite)
5.00	Implement IP Multicast
5.10	Implement Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) sparse mode
5.20	Implement Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP)
5.30	Implement interdomain multicast routing
5.40	Implement PIM Auto-Rendezvous Point (Auto-RP), unicast rendezvous point (RP), and bootstrap router (BSR)
5.50	Implementmulticast tools, features, and source-specific multicast
5.60	Implement IPv6 multicast, PIM, and related multicast protocols, such as Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD)
6.00	Implement Network Security
6.01	Implement access lists
6.02	Implement Zone Based Firewall
6.03	Implement Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF)
6.04	Implement IP Source Guard
6.05	Implement authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) (configuring the AAA server is not required, only the client-side (IOS) is configured)
6.06	Implement Control Plane Policing (CoPP)
6.07	Implement Cisco IOS Firewall
6.08	Implement Cisco IOS Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
6.09	Implement Secure Shell (SSH)
6.10	Implement 802.1x
6.11	Implement NAT
6.12	Implement routing protocol authentication
6.13	Implement device access control
6.14	Implement security features
7.00	Implement Network Services
7.10	Implement Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)
7.20	Implement Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)
7.30	Implement Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
7.40	Implement Network Time Protocol (NTP)
7.50	Implement DHCP
7.60	Implement Web Cache Communication Protocol (WCCP)
8.00	Implement Quality of Service (QoS)
8.10	Implement Modular QoS CLI (MQC)
	(a) Network-Based Application Recognition (NBAR)
	(b) Class-based weighted fair queuing (CBWFQ), modified deficit round robin (MDRR), and low latency queuing (LLQ)
	(c) Classification
	(d) Policing
	(e) Shaping
	(f) Marking
	(g) Weighted random early detection (WRED) and random early detection (RED)
	(h) Compression
8.20	Implement Layer 2 QoS: weighted round robin (WRR), shaped round robin (SRR), and policies
8.30	Implement link fragmentation and interleaving (LFI) for Frame Relay
8.40	Implement generic traffic shaping
8.50	Implement Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP)
8.60	Implement Cisco AutoQoS
9.00	Troubleshoot a Network
9.10	Troubleshoot complex Layer 2 network issues
9.20	Troubleshoot complex Layer 3 network issues
9.30	Troubleshoot a network in response to application problems
9.40	Troubleshoot network services
9.50	Troubleshoot network security
10.00	Optimize the Network
10.01	Implement syslog and local logging
10.02	Implement IP Service Level Agreement SLA
10.03	Implement NetFlow
10.04	Implement SPAN, RSPAN, and router IP traffic export (RITE)
10.05	Implement Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
10.06	Implement Cisco IOS Embedded Event Manager (EEM)
10.07	Implement Remote Monitoring (RMON)
10.08	Implement FTP
10.09	Implement TFTP
10.10	Implement TFTP server on router
10.11	Implement Secure Copy Protocol (SCP)
10.12	Implement HTTP and HTTPS
10.13	Implement Telnet
11.00	Evaluate proposed changes to a Network
11.01	Evaluate interoperability of proposed technologies against deployed technologies
	(a) Changes to routing protocol parameters
	(b) Migrate parts of a network to IPv6
	(c) Routing Protocol migration
	(d) Adding multicast support
	(e) Migrate spanning tree protocol
	(f) Evaluate impact of new traffic on existing QoS design
11.02	Determine operational impact of proposed changes to an existing network
	(a) Downtime of network or portions of network
	(b) Performance degradation
	(c) Introducing security breaches
11.03	Suggest Alternative solutions when incompatible changes are proposed to an existing network
	(a) Hardware/Software upgrades
	(b) Topology shifts
	(c) Reconfigurations